Fuse Box Ford 2002 F 350 Diesel Junction Diagram

Fuse Box Ford 2002 F-350 Diesel Junction Diagram - Here are new diagram for Fuse Box Ford 2002 F-350 Diesel Junction Diagram.

Fuse Box Ford 2002 F-350 Diesel Junction Diagram

Fuse Panel Layout Diagram Parts: generic electronic module GEM connection, one touch down relay, accessory delay relay, interior lamp relay, horn relay.

Waltco Released Harness Replacement Series

Waltco Has Released A New Harness Replacement Kit For Wdl Rm Series.



Lexus Sc400 Charging Circuit And Wiring Diagram Circuit Schematic.



Now You Need To Plug The Cdi Wiring Harness.



The Following Wiring Diagram And Harness Applies For Bmw M3 1988 Model.



Wiring Harness Parts Schematic Moto Bike Parts Diagram Moto Bike.



Diagram 2007 Mazda Cx 7 Engine Diagram 1997 Honda Civic Parts Diagram.



2009 Suzuki Gsx650f Wiring Diagram And Cable Harness Schematic.



Land Rover Defender Harness Wiring Diagram Circuit Schematic.



1991 Bmw 318is Electrical System Harness Wiring Diagram.



Pdf Summary Wiring Diagram Download 01 06 Dodge.

Wiring Diagram

Installing Home Electrical Wiring For Breakers And Fuses Inside A.



Residential Circuit Diagram Electrical Wiring Information.



Electrical Wiring In The Home Wiring Two Wire Shared Neutral.



Home Inspection Overheated Electrical Wiring Home Inspection.



Wiring Diagram.



Remodelling What Type Of Electrical Wire To Use For Home.



Electrical Wiring Diagram For The Es10pc System.



Electrical Wiring In The Home Existing Nutone 665rsp Wiring.



In Your Home Home Planning Understanding A Home S Electrical System.



Electrical Wiring In The Home Wiring 2 Switches To 4 Lights.

Comparing MOSFETs with BJTransistors Pros and Cons

When we talk of electronics, one name becomes extremely related or rather common with this subject and that is the transistors, more precisely the BJT. Electronics is in fact based on these outstanding and indispensable member, without which electronics might virtually cease to exist. However with advancements in technology, mosfets have emerged as the new cousins of the BJTs and have of late taken the center stage.

For the many newcomers, mosfets can be confusing parameters compared to the traditional BJTs, simply because configuring them requires critical steps to be followed, not adhering to which mostly leads to permanent damage to these components.

The article here has been specifically presented with a view to explain in simple words regarding the many similarities and differences between these two very important active parts of the  electronics family, and also regarding the pros and cons of the respective members.

Comparing Transistors with Mosfets

All of us are familiar with transistors and know that these basically have three leads, the base, the collector and the emitter.

The emitter is the exit route of the current applied to the base and the collector of a transistor.

The base requires in the order of 0.6 to 0.7V  across it and the emitter for enabling switching of relatively higher voltages and currents across its collector and emitter.

Though 0.6V looks small, and is pretty much fixed, the current associated needs to be varied or rather increased in accordance to the load connected at the collector.

Meaning, if suppose you connect an LED with a 1K resistor at the collector of a transistor, you would probably need just 1 or 2  miiliamps at the base for making the LED glow.

However, if you connect a relay in place of the LED, you would require more than 30 milliamps at the base of the same transistor for operating it.

The above statements clearly proves that a transistor is a current driven component.

Unlike the above situation, a mosfet behaves entirely in the opposite way.

Comparing the base with the gate of the mosfet, the emitter with the source, and the collector with the drain, a mosfet would require at least 5V across its gate and source for enabling a load to be switched fully at its drain terminal.

5 volts might look massive compared to the transistors 0.6V needs, however one great thing about mosfets is that this 5V works with negligible current, irrespective of the connected load current, meaning it doesnt matter whether youve connected an LED, a relay, a stepper motor or an inverter transformer, the current factor at the gate of the mosfet becomes immaterial and may be as small as a few microamps.

That said, the voltage may need some elevation, may be upto 12V for mosfets at their gates, if the connected load is too high, in the order of 30 to 50 amps.

The above statements shows that a mosfet is a voltage driven component.

Since voltage is never a problem with any circuit, operating mosfets becomes much simpler and efficient especially when bigger loads are involved.

Bipolar Transistor Pros and Cons:

• Transistors are cheaper and does not require special attentions while handling.

• Transistors can be operated even with voltages as low as 1.5V.

• Have little chance of getting damaged, unless something drastic is done with the parameters.

• Require higher currents for triggering if the connected load is bigger, making it imperative for an intermediate driver stage, making things much complex.

• The above drawback makes it unsuitable for interfacing with CMOS or TTL outputs directly, in case the collector load is relatively higher.

• Have negative temperature coefficient, and therefore requires special care while connecting more numbers in parallel.

MOSFET Pros and Cons:

• Requires negligible current for triggering, regardless of the load current magnitude, therefore becomes compatible with all types of input sources. Especially when CMOS ICs are involved, mosfets readily "shake hands" with the such low current inputs.

• These devices are positive temperature coefficient, meaning more mosfets can be added in parallel without the fear of a thermal runaway situation.

• Mosfets are comparatively costlier and needs to be handled with care, especially while soldering. As these are sensitive to static electricity, adeqaye specified precautions become necessary.

• Mosfets generally require at least 3v for triggering so cannot be used for voltages lower than this value.

• These are relatively sensitive components, little negligence with the precautions can lead to an instant damage to the part.

Simple RF Detector For 2M

This simple
circuit helps you sniff out RF radiation leaking from your transmitter,
improper joints, a broken cable or equipment with poor RF shielding.
The tester is designed for the 2-m amateur radio band (144-146 MHz in
Europe). The instrument has a 4-step LED readout and an audible alarm
for high radiation voltages. The RF signal is picked up by an antenna
and made to resonate by C1-L1. After rectifying by diode D1, the signal
is fed to a two-transistor high-gain Darlington amplifier, T2-T3.

Assuming
that a 10-inch telescopic antenna is used, the RF level scale set up
for the LEDs is as follows: When all LEDs light, the (optional) UM66
sound/melody generator chip (IC1) is also actuated and supplies an
audible alarm. By changing the values of zener diodes D2, D4, D6 and D8,
the step size and span of the instrument may be changed as required.
For operation in other ham or PMR bands, simply change the resonant
network C1-L1. As an example, a 5-watt handheld transceiver fitted with a
half-wave telescopic antenna (G=3.5dBd), will produce an ERP
(effective radiated power) of almost 10 watts and an e.m.f. of more
than 8 volts close to your head.
Inductor
L1 consists of 2.5 turns of 20SWG (approx. 1mm dia) enameled copper
wire. The inside diameter is about 7mm and no core is used. The
associated trimmer capacitor C1 is tuned for the highest number of LEDs
to light at a relatively low fieldstrength put up by a 2-m transceiver
transmitting at 145 MHz. The tester is powered by a 9-V battery and
draws about 15mA when all LEDs are on. It should be enclosed in a metal
case.

1967 69 Chevrolet Camaro Wirng Diagram

1967-69 Chevrolet Camaro Wirng Diagram

The Part of 1967-69 Chevrolet Camaro Wirng Diagram: battery, generator, clutch switch, ignition
switch, voltage regulator, starter relay, neutral safety sitch, black wire, blower motor, widhshield wiper motor, heater ctrl light, radio illumination light, dome light, headlight switch

Mini Amplifier 80 mW

This circuit is similar to the one above but uses positive feedback to get a little more amplitude to the speaker. I copied it from a small 5 transistor radio that uses a 25 ohm speaker. In the circuit above, the load resistor for the driver transistor is tied directly to the + supply. This has a disadvantage in that as the output moves positive, the drop across the 470 ohm resistor decreases which reduces the base current to the top NPN transistor. Thus the output cannot move all the way to the + supply because there wouldnt be any voltage across the 470 resistor and no base current to the NPN transistor.

This circuit corrects the problem somewhat and allows a larger voltage swing and probably more output power, but I dont know how much without doing a lot of testing. The output still wont move more than a couple volts using small transistors since the peak current wont be more than 100mA or so into a 25 ohm load. But its an improvement over the other circuit above.

In this circuit, the 1K load resistor is tied to the speaker so that as the output moves negative, the voltage on the 1K resistor is reduced, which aids in turning off the top NPN transistor. When the output moves positive, the charge on the 470uF capacitor aids in turning on the top NPN transistor.

The original circuit in the radio used a 300 ohm resistor where the 2 diodes are shown but I changed the resistor to 2 diodes so the amp would operate on lower voltages with less distortion. The transistors shown 2n3053 and 2n2905 are just parts I used for the other circuit above and could be smaller types. Most any small transistors can be used, but they should be capable of 100mA or more current. A 2N3904 or 2N3906 are probably a little small, but would work at low volume.

The 2 diodes generate a fairly constant bias voltage as the battery drains and reduces crossover distortion. But you should take care to insure the idle current is around 10 to 20 milliamps with no signal and the output transistors do not get hot under load.

The circuit should work with a regular 8 ohm speaker, but the output power may be somewhat less. To optimize the operation, select a resistor where the 100K is shown to set the output voltage at 1/2 the supply voltage (4.5 volts). This resistor might be anything from 50K to 700K depending on the gain of the transistor used where the 3904 is shown.

Build LED Light Pen Schematic

Physicians and repair engineers often use small light pens for visual examination purposes. Rugged and expensive as these pens may be, their weak point is the bulb, which is a ‘serviceable’ part. In practice, that nearly always equates to ‘expensive’ and / or ‘impossible to find’ when you need one.

LEDs have a much longer life than bulbs and the latest ultra bright white ones also offer higher energy-to-light conversion efficiency. On the down side, LEDs require a small electronic helper circuit called ‘constant-current source’ to get the most out of them.
 
LED Light Pen Circuit Diagram


Here, T1 and R1 switch on the LED. R2 acts as a current sensor with T2 shunting off (most of) T1’s base bias current when the voltage developed across R2 exceeds about 0.65 V. The constant current through the white LED is calculated from

R2 = 0.65 / ILED
With some skill the complete circuit can be built such that its size is equal to an AA battery. The four button cells take the place of the other AA battery that used to be inside the light pen. Link

Author: Myo Min – Copyright: Elektor

Valve Sound Converter

‘Valve sound’ is not just an anachronism: there are those who remain ardent lovers of the quality of sound produced by a valve amplifier. However, not everyone is inclined to splash out on an expensive valve output stage or complete amplifier with a comparatively low power output. Also, for all their aesthetic qualities, modern valve amplifiers burn up (in the full sense of the word!) quite a few watts even at normal listening volume, and so are not exactly environmentally harmless. This valve sound converter offers a cunning way out of this dilemma. It is a low cost unit that can be easily slipped into the audio chain at a suitable point and it only consumes a modest amount of energy.

A valve sound converter can be constructed using a common-or-garden small-signal amplifier using a readily-available triode. Compared to using a pentode, this simplifies the circuit and, thanks to its less linear characteristic, offers even more valve sound. For stereo use a double triode is ideal. Because only a low gain is required, a type ECC82 (12AU7) is a better choice than alternatives such as the ECC81 (12AT7) or ECC83 (12AX7). This also makes things easier for home brewers only used to working with semiconductors, since we can avoid any difficulties with high voltages, obscure transformers and the like:the amplifier stage uses an anode voltage of only 60 V, which is generated using a small 24 V transformer and a voltage doubler (D3, D4, C4 and C5).

Since the double triode only draws about 2mA at this voltage, a 1 VA or 2 VA transformer will do the job. To avoid ripple on the power supply and hence the generation of hum in the converter, the anode voltage is regulated using Zener diodes D1 and D2, and T1. The same goes for the heater supply: rather than using AC, here we use a DC supply, regulated by IC1. The 9 V transformer needs to be rated at at least 3 VA. As you will see, the actual amplifier circuit is shown only once. Components C1 to C3, R1 to R4, and P1 need to be duplicated for the second channel.

The inset valve symbol in the circuit diagram and the base pinout diagram show how the anode, cathode and grid of the other half of the double triode (V1.B) are connected. Construction should not present any great difficulties. Pay particular attention to screening and cable routing, and to the placing of the transformers to minimise the hum induced by their magnetic fields. Adjust P1 to set the overall gain to 1 (0 dB). The output impedance of 47 kΩ is relatively high, but should be compatible with the inputs of most power amplifiers and preamplifiers.

For a good valve sound, the operating point of the circuit should be set so that the audio output voltage is in the region of a few hundred millivolts up to around 1.5 V. If the valve sound converter is inserted between a preamplifier and the power amplifier, it should be before the volume control potentiometer as otherwise the sound will change significantly depending on the volume. As an example, no modifications are needed to an existing power amplifier if the converter is inserted between the output of a CD player and the input to the amplifier.

http://www.ecircuitslab.com/2012/04/valve-sound-converter.html

Car Alarm Sound Booster

For car alarms, emphasis should be put on hearing the audible alert and identifying it as belonging to your ‘wheels’. Unfortunately, modern car alarm systems seem to have more or less the same alarm sound especially if they are from the same brand. Also, to comply with legal noise restrictions, the alarm sound is not always loud enough to be heard if the car is parked down the road.

The circuit shown here is designed to help boost the alarm sound by also activating the car’s horn(s) when the alarm goes off.Internally the car alarm system often provides a signal that activates the (optional) engine immobilizer and/or volume (ultrasound) sensors. This signal usually goes Low upon system triggering and high again when the alarm system is deactivated.

Car Alarm Sound Booster Circuit Diagram :

The alarm activation signal is fed to the circuit through D1. When in idle state, T1’s gate is High and consequently the FET conducts, keeping power FET T2 firmly switched of f. When the system gets an active low signal, T1 switches of f allowing timing capacitor C2 to charge via R2. About 15 seconds later, when the voltage across C2 is high enough, T2 starts to conduct and relay RE1 is energized. This, in turn, provides the required path for the ‘lights flashing’ signal to energize RE2 and feed battery power to the car’s horn(s).

When the alarm system is turned off the activation signal returns to High. T1 starts to con-duct and rapidly discharges C2 via R3. T2 is then cut off and RE1 is de-energized. Diode D2 suppresses back EMF from RE1.The circuit draws less than 2 mA when idling. When activated the circuit’s current consumption is virtually that of the RE1 coil.RE1 is any simple SPST or SPDT relay, capable of switching about 0.5 A (at 12 V). The coil rating is for 12 VDC and a current requirement as low as you can find. Fuse F1 should be a slow blow type and rated about twice RE1’s coil current.

The BS170 in position T2 can sink a continuous current of about 0.5 A. However, a value of 1.2 A pulsed is specified by Fairchild for their devices. To keep the FET’s d-s current due to C2 discharging within safe limits, R2 may be increased, C2 decreased and R3 increased, all proportionally. A factor of 2 will keep the FET out of harm’s way with maybe a slight change in the 15-second delay and the sensitivity of the circuit.C1 is used as a smoothing capacitor and F2 should be rated in accordance with the horn(s) maximum current draw.

Caution.The installation and use of this circuit may be subject to legal restrictions in your country, state or area.

Source : ecircuitslab.com

Door Alarm Circuit

Hangs up on the door-handle Beeps when someone touches the door-handle from outside

This circuit emits a beep and/or illuminates a LED when someone touches the door-handle from the outside. The alarm will sound until the circuit will be switched-off.
The entire circuit is enclosed in a small plastic or wooden box and should be hanged-up to the door-handle by means of a thick wire hook protruding from the top of the case.
A wide-range sensitivity control allows the use of the Door Alarm over a wide variety of door types, handles and locks. The device has proven reliable even when part of the lock comes in contact with the wall (bricks, stones, reinforced concrete), but does not work with all-metal doors. The LED is very useful during setup.

Circuit diagram:

 Door Alarm Circuit diagram

Parts:

R1______________1M   1/4W Resistor
R2______________3K3  1 or 2W Resistor (See Notes)
R3_____________10K   1/2W Trimmer Cermet (See Notes)
R4_____________33K   1/4W Resistor
R5____________150K   1/4W Resistor
R6______________2K2  1/4W Resistor
R7_____________22K   1/4W Resistor
R8______________4K7  1/4W Resistor

C1,C2__________10nF   63V Ceramic or Polyester Capacitors
C3_____________10pF   63V Ceramic Capacitor
C4,C6_________100nF   63V Ceramic or Polyester Capacitors
C5______________2µ2   25V Electrolytic Capacitor
C7____________100µF   25V Electrolytic Capacitor

D1,D2,D4_____1N4148   75V 150mA Diodes
D3_____________5 or 3mm. Red LED

Q1,Q2,Q3,Q5___BC547   45V 100mA NPN Transistors
Q4____________BC557   45V 100mA PNP Transistor

L1_________________   (See Notes)
L2_____________10mH  miniature Inductor

Hook_______________   (See Notes)

BZ1___________Piezo sounder (incorporating 3KHz oscillator)

SW1,SW2________SPST  miniature Slider Switches

B1_______________9V  PP3 Battery

Clip for PP3 Battery

Circuit operation:

Q1 forms a free-running oscillator: its output bursts drive Q2 into saturation, so Q3 and the LED are off. When part of a human body comes in contact with a metal handle electrically connected to the wire hook, the body capacitance damps Q1 oscillations, Q2 biasing falls off and the transistor becomes non conducting. Therefore, current can flow into Q3 base and D3 illuminates. If SW1 is closed, a self-latching circuit formed by Q4 & Q5 is triggered and the beeper BZ1 is activated.

When the human body part leaves the handle, the LED switches-off but the beeper continues to sound, due to the self-latching behavior of Q4 & Q5. To stop the beeper action, the entire circuit must be switched-off opening SW2. R3 is the sensitivity control, allowing to cope with a wide variety of door types, handles and locks.

Notes:

• L1 is formed winding 20 to 30 turns of 0.4mm. diameter enameled copper wire on R2 body and soldering the coil ends to the resistor leads. You should fill R2 body completely with coil winding: the final turns number can vary slightly, depending on different 1 or 2W resistor types actual length (mean dimensions for these components are 13 - 18mm. length and 5 - 6mm. diameter).



• The hook is made from non-insulated wire 1 - 2mm. diameter (brass is well suited). Its length can vary from about 5 to 10cm. (not critical).



• If the device is moved frequently to different doors, Trimmer R3 can be substituted by a common linear potentiometer fitted with outer knob for easy setup.



• To setup the device hang-up the hook to the door-handle (with the door closed), open SW1 and switch-on the circuit. Adjust R3 until the LED illuminates, then turn slowly backwards the screwdriver (or the knob) until the LED is completely off. At this point, touching the door-handle with your hand the LED should illuminate, going off when the hand is withdrawn. Finally, close SW1 and the beeper will sound when the door-handle will be touched again, but will not stop until SW2 is opened.



• In regular use, it is advisable to hang-up and power-on the device with SW1 open: when all is well settled, SW1 can be closed. This precautionary measure is necessary to avoid unwanted triggering of the beeper.

Source : www.redcircuits.com

Automatic Emergency Light

This is the simple circuit of automatic emergency light. It is called dark dependent circuit. A 555 timer IC and LDR is used for this configuration. When light fall on the LDR, its resistance is decrease and in dark position its resistance is going high. Using these characteristics of LDR, automatic emergency light is made.

Automatic Emergency Light Circuit diagram:

LDR is called Light Dependent Resistor. Its resistance is inversely proportional to the falling light on its surface. In dark, its resistance is approximately 7k to 10k. When light fall on its surface, its resistance is decrease to less than 1k. In the circuit, a voltage divider arrangement circuit is used here with LDR and 10K variable resistor.

When light fall on the surface of LDR, the resistance decrease to 1k. So the voltage of the timer pin-6 is greater than 2/3 of +Vcc. For this reason the output pin-3 goes low. The base voltage of transistor BC547 is less than 0.75 volt. The transistor is OFF state. So the light is OFF. In dark position the LDR resistance increase is high so the voltage of the trigger pin-2 decrease to less than 1/3 of +Vcc. The output pin-3 goes high so the base voltage of the transistor BC547 is greater than 0.75 volt. The transistor is ON state. So the light is ON and it emits light.

Source: http://www.ecircuitslab.com/2012/06/simple-automatic-emergency-light.html

Explain Tele Reissue Selector Switchtelecaster Guitar Forum

Way Switch Feed To Switch.



Electrical Wiring In The Home Three Way Switch To A Split Recepticle.



Explain 52 Tele Reissue Selector Switch Telecaster Guitar Forum.



Way Switch Wiring Diagram Power Enters At One 3 Way Switch Box.



Way Switch With Lights Wiring Diagram.



Way Switches Position 1 Svg.



Double Pole Switch Wiring Diagram Electrical Information Blog Pc.



Way Wiring Ceiling Fan With Remote For Two Wire Hookup Electrical.



Way Switching Electric Guitar Wiring Diagram.



Fixtures How Three Way Switches Work Garbage Disposal Wiring Gallery 3.

AUDIO POWER METER WITH LM3915

This VU (volume-unit) meter is capable of monitoring anddisplaying power
levels present at the speaker terminals ofan stereo audio power
amplifier.

The levels are displayed in ten discrete steps. This meter is not
designed to give an accurate display of the power levels.It is designed
to give an approximate visual indication of the audio power output of
each channel. For many situations - disco, parties - this is all which
is required: the flashing LED's add atmosphere to the situation.

LM3915. This is a monolithic Dot/Bar Display Driver IC made by National
Semiconductor. It takes an analog voltage input on pin 5 then drives 10
LED's providing a logarithmic 3dB/step analog display. When measuring
power, a 3dB increase means that the power input has doubled. As the
power doubles, an additional LED will be lit until the maximum is
reached. The display can be bar or moving dot depending on the
connection of pin 9 to the positive supply. The LED drive current is
regulated which eliminates the need for current limiting resistors.

The supply voltage can be between 3V to 25V. You can download the data sheet from the National Semiconductor website at: http://www.national.com/

The IC is suited to signals with a wide dynamic range such as audio,
power, light intensity. In many applications a bargraph meter is faster,
more rugged and has higher visibility than an analog (moving coil) or
LCD meter.



PARTS LIST



R1-----10K

R2------1K

R3-----390

R4-----2,7K

P1-----100K TRIMMER POT.

C1-----10mf 25v

D1..D10---LED red

I.C. ----LM3915

Bright Switching Lights Dull Darkwiring

Talimba Images 2 Way Switch Wiring.



How To Wire A Switch Light Then Switch And Outlet.



Is Bright And Switching Lights On When It Is Dull Or Dark Wiring.



Way Switch Wiring Diagram.



Home Wiring Guide Single Way Lighting Circuit.



Wiring A Light Switch Diagram Reviews And Photos.



Wiring A Light Switch And Outlet Howishow Answers Search Engine.



Rear Fog Light Switch Wiring Nasioc.



Light Switch Wiring Diagram.



Touch Plate Low Voltage Lighting Systems Switches Wall Switch Plates.