Wednesday, April 3, 2013

Complete your home theater setup with home theater seating

After a full day of work and mind bubbling activities in the workplace, the last entry in a young professional’s diary is to go to a movie theater to relax. The sight and sound of a movie theater relaxes and easily entertains even the most stressed moviegoer. The problem with this however is the fact that even before you reach the movie theater, traffic jam may be a hindrance to your enjoyment. Traffic jam usually makes you more stressed than you currently are. It may be best if you can bring home the relaxation and entertainment. Having to sit and relax with your spouse in your own home theater maybe best to eradicate the tiredness that you feel.

This is why the concept of home theater is born. Because of the growing popularity of home theater systems, you may easily find home theater furniture like home theater seating system and home theater equipments that will suit your requirements. This modern concept is slowly receiving a grand welcome from people because in the end, having home theater set up in your home may prove to be economical. Home theater system including home theater seating that completes the set up is not only available for the rich and the famous.

Slowly, the knowledge of the basic home theater design such as the three major components and home theater seating options is getting to be a concept known to the middle class citizenry. Home theater system with the addition of home theater seating options may be a neat gift of the older people because they can enjoy watching movies even without having to leave the house. Home theater seating options include lumbar back support and motorized reclining mechanism, especially designed for people who need to give their back a rest. 

It may be worthy to mention what are the three basic components of a home theater system. You may not need to add home theater seating if the room is quite small, only the three basic components may be able to give you that home theater entertainment you long for. Do not mind home theater seating if you do not have big budget for the home theater system, a recliner may do the part especially if your living room has limited space. The three basic components of a home theater system are television set which should not be smaller than 27 inches; three speakers placed on the right, the left and on the center for a surround sound; and finally, the DVD player, you may need to find one with progressive scan because this will give you sharp images and flicker-free pictures. If you have all these basic home theater components, even without home theater seating, you may be able to experience the almost theatrical experience.

Relax and enjoy the entertainment your home theater system may provide. Sit beside your family in your home theater seating designed to your whole family, the kids will surely love to see a movie with you on your very own home theater system. You may not need home theater seating to complete the set up if the room is quite small. However, if you have a bigger room for your home theater system, including the home theater seating in the set up may be able to complete the best home theater package. You may even add television cabinet to compliment the design and your home theater seating which may be made of the same wood as your television cabinet.

Additionally, because the basic three speakers’ requirement is only good for smaller rooms, if you have a bigger room, you may need to add more speakers. You can even put six speakers and a subwoofer to complete that surround sound you love in a movie theater. All these will complete the grand package of your home theater. You may need to consider high-end home theater seating to help you relax you tired body from working all day. Relax and enjoy life with your family, your home theater system may do a lot of good for you.
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Oil Temperature Gauge for 125 cc Scooter

Lots of Far-Eastern scooters are fitted with GY6 engines. These already elderly units are sturdy and economical, but if you want to  “push” the power a bit (so called ‘Racing’  kits, better handling of the advance, etc.), you soon find yourself faced with the problem  of the engine temperature, and it becomes essential to f it a heat sink (of ten wrongly  referred to as a ‘radiator’) on the oil circuit. Even so, in these circumstances, it’s more than reassuring for the user to have a constant clear indication of the oil temperature. Here are the specifications we set for the temperature gauge we wanted to build:

Oil Temperature Gauge Circuit Diagram :

Oil Temperature Gauge-Circuit Diagram
  • no moving parts (so not meter movement), as scooters vibrate a lot!;
  • as cheap as possible (around £12);
  • robust measuring transducer (avoid NTC thermistors and other ‘exotic’ sensors);
  • temperature range 50–140 °C. (122 – 291 °F);
  • audible and visual warning in case of dangerous temperature;
  • compact;
  • waterproof.
Let’s start by the sensor. This is a type-K thermocouple, as regularly used by multimeter manufacturers. Readily available and fairly cheap, these are robust and have excellent linearity over the measurement range we’re interested in here. The range extends from 2 mV to 5.7 mV for ten measurement points. The positive output from the thermocouple is applied to the non-inverting input of IC3.A,  wired as a non-inverting amplifier. Its gain  of 221 is determined by R1 and R2. IC3 is an LM358, chosen for its favourable characteristics when run from a single-rail supply. IC3.B is wired as a follower, just to avoid leaving it powered with its pins floating.

IC3.B output is connected to pin 5 of IC1, an LM3914. This very common IC is an LED display driver. We can choose ‘point’ or ‘bar’ mode operation, according to how pin 9 is connected. Connected as here to the + rail, the display will be in ‘bar’ mode. Pin 8, connected to ground, sets the full scale to 1.25 V. R3 sets the average LED current. Pin 4, via the potential divider R7/R8+R9, sets the offset  to 0.35 V. Using R8 and R9 in series like this avoids the need for precision resistors.

As per the LM3914 application sheet , R4-R5-R6 and C5 will make the whole display flash as soon as D10 lights (130 °C = 226 °F). Simultaneously, via R10 and T1, the (active) sounder will warn the user of overheating. Capacitor C6 avoids undesirable variations in the reference voltage in ‘flashing’ mode. IC2 is a conventional 7808 regulator and C1– C4 filter the supply rails. Do not leave these out! D1 protects the circuit against reverse polarity.

The author has designed two PCBs to be fit-ted as a ‘sandwich’ (CAD file downloadable  from [1]). In the download you’ll also find  a document with a few photos of the project. You’ll note the ultimate weapon in on-board electronics: hot-melt glue. Better than epoxy (undoable!) and quite effective against vibration.

Author : Georges Treels - Copyright : Elektor

Source : http://www.ecircuitslab.com/2012/08/oil-temperature-gauge-for-125-cc-scooter.html
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Tuesday, April 2, 2013

IR Infra Red Sensor with 7 Segment Display

Infrared light has a difference with ordinary light in general. We can see clearly when a light or light on an object.
As with the infrared light we can not see the manifestation of these rays. Frankly I can not answer when asked why the infrared rays are not visible in the eyes of us. So at night do not hope you can make light by using infrared light. One thing that is often heard from many people that infrared light can utilized for the functions of a camera that can see in dark conditions is often called an infrared camera.

Actually I have explained the working principles of electronic circuit section in this blog is about the basic working principle of a series of infrared sensors are simple. To design this sensor circuit you should not find trouble if you ever make another series of sensors. Its just that the sensor circuit consists of the transmitter and receiver, to learn the basic principles of this series of infrared you can see in the Basic Principles Series Infrared Transmitter and Receiver. In the circuit this time I try to utilize the output of this sensor circuit as a trigger circuit counter or counters.
IR (Infra Red) Sensor with 7-Segment Display

Picture series of infrared sensors | infrared sensor circuit scheme


Component List:

1. Resistors: R1 (33K), R2 (1K), VR1 (Potensio 100K)
2. Capacitors: C1 (100nF)
3. Transistors: Q2 (BC547 should)
4. Photo transistor: Q1
5. IC: 40 106 (Schimitt trigger), 4026 (Decade counter)
6. 7-Segment

WORKING PRINCIPLE:

In the transmitter circuit arrangement so that our task is only an infrared LED lights up and no shortage or excess of power, therefore, use 680 ohm resistors. On The set of photo transistor receiver serves as a useful tool sensor sensed a change in the intensity of infrared light. When infrared light is not on the photo transistor, the photo transistor is like a switch is open so that the transistor is in cutoff position (open). Because the collector and emitter open it in accordance with the laws of the voltage divider, the collector emitter voltage equal to supply voltage (logic high). The output of these collectors would make a series of counter counting irregularly if we did not dampen the bounce output to the input couinter. To reduce the bounce and clarify the logic signal to be our input to counter circuit, we use Schmitt trigger ignition. Schmitt trigger ignition is very useful for those of you who relate to digital circuits, eg, using the damping bounce of mechanical switches on the input digital circuit.

The series of counters that I use here is to use IC 4026 (Decade Counter), one of the family ic CMOS. IC counter counts up if this will get the clock input changes from logic low to high. This IC can directly connect it to the seven segment because the output is designed for seven segment mmang. So you do not need to use as a modifier decoder IC binary value into a score of 7-segment.
To menmgatur you can rotate the sensor sensitivity potensio VR1 at a critical point, or if necessary you can replace R2 with a more appropriate value.
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Electric Motor Repair

Electrical engines are a significant aspect of most large functions. They are used to make current that can be linked with a strength or to immediately petrol other systems. These engines are complicated items of professional systems and consequently it is not recommended for a individual who is not a certified fix individual to attempt to fix them. This transforms digital strength into technical strength.

They come in a wide range of types and the type that you use will depend on what you need it for. The primary parts are the blades and the stator. The blades is the going aspect and the stator is the invitations aspect of it. These two items make the time frame for it.

Most engines are attractive in characteristics. Both the blades and the stator generate a attractive area which makes a twisting, or demand on the powerplant base and makes the revolving of the powerplant. This is how it functions.

Finding a reliable serviceman for your powerplant can be a complicated procedure. The crucial aspect is making sure that the serviceman you seek the services of is certified in mending. An search can help you discover certified serviceman in your community that can fulfill your immediate and continuing needs.

Once youve found the serviceman or fix company youd like to use, you should have them come and visit the site as soon as possible to analyze it. Once the serviceman has analyzed the position of your powerplant unit, he can give you an calculate regarding the money of the fix.

The fix is the first step in a long procedure of its servicing. Once it has been fixed, youre going to want to set up a frequent servicing routine in order to reduce the cost and agony of upcoming fixes. Maintenance is the single greatest factor you can do to reduce the need for fixes.

The best factor you can do with regards to fix is to put the extra persistence in to make sure that frequent servicing is being done. Effectively managed engines need less fix and cause less problems for you. If you can keep your engines properly managed youre less likely to need comprehensive and expensive fixes.

Electric powerplant fix can take many types, based on what type of powerplant unit you have and the characteristics of its use in your business. The best factor you can do with your damaged powerplant unit is to discover and seek the services of a reliable serviceman to do the fixes. Electrical powerplant fix can be reduced by exercising servicing on your powerplant unit.
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Monday, April 1, 2013

Understanding the workings of Vertical Deflection

Vertical deflection parts, serves to provide a sawtooth current to the vertical deflection coil so that horizontal lines are generated by applying localized horizontal deflection from the top of the screen and moves towards the bottom of the screen. Sweeping PAL system has a vertical frequency of 50 Hz and 60 Hz NTSC system. Vertical deflection circuit there are several variation, is in contrast to the horizontal deflection circuit on television almost all the same.
Broadly , the vertical deflection section comprises:
Yoke DEfleksi
Yoke Deflection
  • Vertical oscillator (vertical countdown)
  • Ramp generator
  • Vertical amplifier drive
  • Vertical amplifier-out
  • Pum-up (flyback generator)
  • Feedback circuit
  • Vertical deflection coil

Countdown vertical as the vertical oscillator. Vertical count-down got input from the horizontal frequency count-down and divide in order to obtain the vertical frequency.
In this section there is a circuit called a "vertical window-counter" which serves to automatically adjust the vertical size of the frequency. Without any input video signal, vertical oscillator oscillates at a frequency of approximately 45 to 55Hz free. If then the aircraft received the system PAL video signals, vertical-counter window will lock the vertical oscillator at a frequency of 50Hz. And if a video signal NTSC system will automatically lock the vertical frequency to 60Hz

If for any damage, so the frequency can not be locked, it will cause:
  • Picture rolling up if the frequency is lower
  • Rolling down the picture if the frequency is higher.

Ramp-generator - vertical pulses from the oscillator is a square, ramp-function generator to change the shape of the signal box into a sawtooth shape. Sawtooth signal shape is determined by the value of resistor-capacitor filter contained in this section.

Vertical count-down circuit and the ramp-generator circuit is in common IC. But there are certain circuits where the ramp generator IC is in the vertical-out, ie aircraft using the TA8690 and TA8445.


Vertical amplifier Drive - serves to amplify the signal before it is fed into the vertical vertical-output amplifier. Circuits generally be one with a vertical power amplifier out.


Vertical power-amplifier Out - vertical sawtooth signal is amplified by this section to be able to supply power to the coil current sawtooth vertical deflection. The working principle of the vertical amplifier-out does not vary much with the audio power-amplifier


Pump Up (flyback generator) - applying localized electron beam vertically from the top to the bottom of the screen. To conduct further re-sweeping the electron beam must be returned with a quick way into the top layer. To do this required a strong pulse but only a moment the so-called vertical-retrace pulse, which pulse is required to establish a higher voltage supply on the vertical-out amplifier.

While doing the sweeping-vertical from the top of the screen to the bottom of the screen vertically-out circuit generally requires a voltage supply of about 25V. And at the vertical-retrace or back from the bottom to the top of the screen quickly takes a larger supply voltage of about 50V. Vertical pump-up circuit is in the vertical IC-out and serves to generate a high voltage at the moment-vertical retrace and require external components consisting of a diode and an Elko.

Vertical-drive circuit, pump-up and reinforcing vertical-out is generally a single IC package in the vertical-out.

There are several types of vertical IC-outs that do not use a pump-up circuit. Instead of the vertical-out requires two kinds of supply Vcc, the supply of low voltage and high voltage supply.

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Electronic Metronome Circuit

Metronome is very important tool if you studying music playing. There are mechanical metronome device in the past, but today, electronic metronome is much more popular since it can be very simple, compact/small, reliable, and also has the most interesting feature: cheap. And this is the figure of the circuit;


Parts:
·    C1 1 uF 63V Polyester Capacitor
·    C2 10nF 63V Polyester Capacitor
·    C3 47 uF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
·    R1 10K 1/2W Trimmer Cermet
·    R2 10K 1/4W Resistor
·    R3 330K 1/4W Resistor
·    R4 50K 1/2W Trimmer Cermet
·    R5 100K 1/4W Resistor
·    R6,R7 1K 1/4W Resistor
·    P1 100K Linear Potentiometer
·    SW1 SPST Switch (Ganged with P1)
·    SPK 8 Ohm 40mm. Loudspeaker
·    B1 12V Battery (MN21, GP23A or VR22 type)
·    IC1 NE555 General purpose timer IC
·    Q1,Q2 BC560 45V 100mA Low noise High gain PNP Transistors
·    Q3 ZTX753 100V 2A PNP Transistor

A variable current source is built around Q1 and Q2, this provides linear scale that can be directly mapped to the potentiometer position.  Transistor Q3 is employed to amplify the signal to get louder click sound, similar to clockwork metronomes.  To obtain more output power and more compact package, a 12V micro battery was used.  Don’t worry if you can’t get the battery since it works also for 9V battery.  Rotate P1 fully towards R2, then set R1 to obtain 40 beats per minute (compare with another metronome). Rotate P1 fully towards R3, then set R4 to obtain 208 beats per minute.

Finally mark the entire scale with the common metronome steps as following:
40 – 42 – 44 – 46 – 48 – 50 – 52 – 54 – 58 – 60 – 63 – 66 – 69 – 72 – 76 – 80 – 84 – 88 – 92 – 96 – 100 – 104 – 108 – 112 – 116 – 120 – 126 – 132 – 138 – 144 – 152 – 160 – 168 – 176 – 184 – 192 – 200 – 208.

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Make This Powerful 200 200 watts Car Stereo Amplifier Circuit

No complex wiring, no costly MOSFETS and no cumbersome heatsinks, yet a powerful 200+200 watt amplifier circuit, which can be built within hours using just a couple ICs, right in your home.

Yes we are discussing the state-of-the-art thick film hybrid IC STK4050II, by SANYO.

The IC is specifically designed for amplifying music at an astounding rate of 200 watt power.

The involvement of minimal number of components especially makes this device perfectly suitable  for the many hobbyists who aspire not only making a powerful amplifier at home but also for enjoying its application.

The IC is able to effectively drive sub-woofers and therefore also becomes ideally suitable as a car stereo amplifier.

See Pics and Specs HERE

The salient features of the IC STK4050II includes the following:

Compact streamlined package resulting a sleek looking amplifier design.

Simple heatsinking clamping facility with large surface area, for better heat dispersal, resulting in an enhanced output capability.

The internal circuitry of the IC entertains a constant current operation which helps reduce switch-ON and switch-OFF "thump" noise in the speaker.

Maximum Operating Parameters of the IC

Huge maximum power supply rating at +/- 95 volts resulting powerful outputs at lower currents.

Typical operating voltage may be around +/- 66 volts.

Speakers used at the output of the circuit should be ideally a 8 Ohm type.

Operating Characteristics are:

Quiescent current is internally set at 100mA for voltages upto Vcc +/-80 volts.

Output power with the above conditions will be around 200 watts.

Total harmonic distortion will not exceed 0.4% at frequencies between 20Hz and 20kHz.

Frequency response of the IC is also very high, between 20Hz and 50kHz.

The circuit diagram below shows a neat little amplifier circuit, two of them may be built for obtaining stereo outputs.

The configuration is very simple, mostly all the complexities are solely handled by the chip itself.

The input consists of a regular low pass filter components for rejecting high frequency interferences.

Other features like automatic gain control, offset control and stability control, everything is effectively tackled by the shown design.


 


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