Showing posts with label system. Show all posts
Showing posts with label system. Show all posts
Thursday, December 19, 2013
The expert group is making every effort to enhance the design of the Cell Phone Jammers system
The expert group is making every effort to enhance the design of the Cell Phone Jammers system.
The standard test signal I1: is GsM modulated carrier signal, and its structure in accordance with the GSM signal burst (burst, as burst or short burst. Below) structure, but its all modulation bits (including the burst of part of the training sequence) are directly random or pseudo-random data stream. (5) The standard test signal I2: a standard GSM modulation signal, but with the C1 signal is different from the unexpected part of the training sequence of the standard GSM training sequence, but the burst of data bits (including bits 58 and 59) are random or pseudo-random data stream. Using the same standard RF cable and adapters, including adapters, including the requirements of the GSM bands between the channel loss is less than 0.5dB, loss of value of the difference is less than 0.2dB; DCS frequency band between the loss of each channel is less than 1dB, loss value difference is less than 0.3dB, with characteristic impedance adapter should be within 50 ± 5 ohms. The table will contain the result of quantity computation of Cell Phone Jammers .I use the above principles and interface technology to develop a project: Highway display guidance system. Installed on the highway in front of the LED display shows real-time road vehicle traffic situation and weather and climate conditions, advise and guide the driver, the correct driver. The use of the system to some extent, eliminate a lot of traffic hazards, thereby safeguarding the smooth flow of road safety and peoples lives and property. The system consists of the control center and several display screen. Control center in real time the latest information sent to the display. Building control center communication link with the display terminal, the traditional method of laying fiber optic cable with the cable or the realization, or build a private wireless network allowing wireless. Because of the special nature of the highway, the control center and the distance between the display terminal is usually very far, two programs must invest a lot of money and huge construction effort.
Typically, short message service SMS-based wireless data transmission monitoring and control system for a point to multipoint wireless two-way data communication and remote control system, shown in Figure 1. System control center or command center for data, from computer networks, databases, electronic map and GSM communication interface. The main control center complete the information and data transceiver and finishing: on the one hand, to receive various control points to upload information and data, and put them in the appropriate database and distributed to the appropriate monitoring computer in order to achieve the various monitoring points monitoring and management; another aspect, a computer control center monitors the response issued by the various monitoring points of the control information, and to the information issued to the corresponding control points to achieve the point of monitoring equipment for control purposes.
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The standard test signal I1: is GsM modulated carrier signal, and its structure in accordance with the GSM signal burst (burst, as burst or short burst. Below) structure, but its all modulation bits (including the burst of part of the training sequence) are directly random or pseudo-random data stream. (5) The standard test signal I2: a standard GSM modulation signal, but with the C1 signal is different from the unexpected part of the training sequence of the standard GSM training sequence, but the burst of data bits (including bits 58 and 59) are random or pseudo-random data stream. Using the same standard RF cable and adapters, including adapters, including the requirements of the GSM bands between the channel loss is less than 0.5dB, loss of value of the difference is less than 0.2dB; DCS frequency band between the loss of each channel is less than 1dB, loss value difference is less than 0.3dB, with characteristic impedance adapter should be within 50 ± 5 ohms. The table will contain the result of quantity computation of Cell Phone Jammers .I use the above principles and interface technology to develop a project: Highway display guidance system. Installed on the highway in front of the LED display shows real-time road vehicle traffic situation and weather and climate conditions, advise and guide the driver, the correct driver. The use of the system to some extent, eliminate a lot of traffic hazards, thereby safeguarding the smooth flow of road safety and peoples lives and property. The system consists of the control center and several display screen. Control center in real time the latest information sent to the display. Building control center communication link with the display terminal, the traditional method of laying fiber optic cable with the cable or the realization, or build a private wireless network allowing wireless. Because of the special nature of the highway, the control center and the distance between the display terminal is usually very far, two programs must invest a lot of money and huge construction effort.
Typically, short message service SMS-based wireless data transmission monitoring and control system for a point to multipoint wireless two-way data communication and remote control system, shown in Figure 1. System control center or command center for data, from computer networks, databases, electronic map and GSM communication interface. The main control center complete the information and data transceiver and finishing: on the one hand, to receive various control points to upload information and data, and put them in the appropriate database and distributed to the appropriate monitoring computer in order to achieve the various monitoring points monitoring and management; another aspect, a computer control center monitors the response issued by the various monitoring points of the control information, and to the information issued to the corresponding control points to achieve the point of monitoring equipment for control purposes.
Mini Ups System
This circuit provides an uninterrupted power supply (UPS) to operate 12V, 9V and 5V DC-powered instruments at up to 1A current. The backup battery takes up the load without spikes or delay when the mains power gets interrupted. It can also be used as a workbench power supply that provides 12V, 9V and 5V operating voltages. The circuit immediately disconnects the load when the battery voltage reduces to 10.5V to prevent deep discharge of the battery. LED1 indication is provided to show the full charge voltage level of the battery. miniature white LEDs (LED2 and LED3) are used as emergency lamps during power failure at night.
Mini Ups System Circuit diagram:
A standard step-down transformer provides 12V of AC, which is rectified by diodes D1 and D2. Capacitor C1 provides ripple-free DC to charge the battery and to the remaining circuit. When the mains power is on, diode D3 gets forward biased to charge the battery. Resistor R1 limits the charging current. Potentiometer VR1 (10k) with transistor T1 acts as the voltage comparator to indicate the voltage level. VR1 is so adjusted that LED1 is in the ‘off’ mode. When the battery is fully charged, LED1 glows indicating a full voltage level of 12V.
When the mains power fails, diode D3 gets reverse biased and D4 gets forward biased so that the battery can automatically take up the load without any delay. When the battery voltage or input voltage alls below 10.5V, a cut-off circuit is used to prevent deep discharging of the battery. Resistor R3, zener diode ZD1 (10.5V) and transistor T2 form the cut-off circuit. When the voltage level is above 10.5V, transistor T2 conducts and its base becomes negative (as set by R3, VR2 and ZD1). But when the voltage reduces below 10.5V, the zener diode stops conduction and the base voltage of transistor T2 becomes positive. It goes into the ‘cut-off’ mode and prevents the current in the output stage. Preset VR2 (22k) adjusts the voltage below 0.6V to make T2 work if the voltage is above 10.5V.
When power from the mains is available, all output voltages—12V, 9V and 5V—are ready to run the load. On the other hand, when the mains power is down, output volt-ages can run the load only when the battery is fully charged (as indicated by LED1). For the partially charged battery, only 9V and 5V are available. Also, no output is available when the voltage goes below 10.5V. If battery voltage varies between 10.5V and 13V, output at terminal A may also vary between 10.5V and 12V, when the UPS system is in battery mode.
Outputs at points B and C provide 9V and 5V, respectively, through regulator ICs (IC1 and IC2), while output A provides 12V through the zener diode. The emergency lamp uses two ultra-bright white LEDs (LED2 and LED3) with current limiting resistors R5 and R6. The lamp can be manually switched ‘on’ and ‘off’ by S1. The circuit is assembled on a general purpose PCB. There is adequate space between the components to avoid overlapping. heat sinks for transistor T2 and regulator ICs (7809 and 7805) to dissipate heat are used.
The positive and negative rails should be strong enough to handle high current. Before connecting the circuit to the battery and transformer, connect it to a variable power supply. Provide 12V DC and adjust VR1 till LED1 glows. After setting the high voltage level, reduce the voltage to 10.5V and adjust VR2 till the output trips off. After the settings are complete, remove the variable power sup-ply and connect a fully-charged battery to the terminals and see that LED1 is on. After making all the adjustment connect the circuit to the battery and transformer. The battery used in the circuit is a 12V, 4.5Ah UPS battery.
Source : http://www.ecircuitslab.com/2012/05/mini-ups-system.html
Wednesday, June 5, 2013
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Monday, March 18, 2013
Heating System Thermostat
Controlled by indoor and outdoor temperature, Simple, high reliability design
This circuit is intended to control a heating system or central heating plan, keeping constant indoor temperature in spite of wide range changes in the outdoor one. Two sensors are needed: one placed outdoors, in order to sense the external temperature; the other placed on the water-pipe returning from heating system circuit, short before its input to the boiler.
The Relay contact wiring must be connected to the boilers start-stop control input. This circuit, though simple, has proven very reliable: in fact it was installed over 20 years ago at my parents home. I know, it is a bit old: but it is still doing its job very well and without problems of any kind.
Circuit Diagram:
Heating System Thermostat Circuit Diagram
Parts:
P1 = 1K Linear Potentiometer
R1 = 10R-1/4W Resistor
R2 = 1K-1/4W Resistor
R3 = 3K3 @ 20°C n.t.c. Thermistor (see Notes)
R4 = 2K2 @ 20°C n.t.c. Thermistor (see Notes)
R5 = 10K-1/2W Trimmer Cermet
R6 = 3K3-1/4W Resistor
R7 = 4K7-1/4W Resistors
R8 = 470K-1/4W Resistor
R9 = 4K7-1/4W Resistors
R10 = 10K-1/4W Resistor
C1 = 470µF-25V Electrolytic Capacitors
C2 = 470µF-25V Electrolytic Capacitors
C3 = 1µF-63V Electrolytic Capacitor
D1 = 1N4002 - 100V 1A Diodes
D2 = 1N4002 - 100V 1A Diodes
D4 = 1N4002 - 100V 1A Diodes
D3 = LED Red 3 or 5mm.
Q1 = BC557 - 45V 100mA PNP Transistor
Q2 = BC547 - 45V 100mA NPN Transistor
Q3 = BC337 - 45V 800mA NPN Transistor
J1 = Two ways output socket
T1 = 220V Primary, 12 + 12V Secondary 3VA Mains transformer
PL1 = Male Mains plug &cable
SW1 = SPST Mains Switch
RL1 = Relay with SPDT 2A @ 220V switch Coil Voltage 12V. Coil resistance 200-300 Ohm
Circuit operation:
When Q1 Base to ground voltage is less than half voltage supply (set by R7 & R9), a voltage is generated across R8 and the driver transistors Q2 & Q3 switch-on the Relay. When Q1 Base to ground voltage is more than half voltage supply, caused when one of the n.t.c. Thermistors lowers its value due to an increase in temperature, no voltage appears across R8 and the Relay is off. C3 allows a clean switching of the Relay. P1 acts as main temperature control.
Notes:
- R3 is the outdoor sensor, R4 the indoor sensor.
- If you are unable to find a 3K3 Thermistor for R3 you can use a 4K7 value instead. The different value can be easily compensated by means of Trimmer R5.
- R5 allows setting the heating system for outdoor temperatures ranging from about +10°C downwards. The higher R5s resistance the hotter the heating system and vice versa.
- The existing boiler thermostat should be set to its maximum value and not bypassed: it is necessary for safetys sake.
- This circuit can be dispensed with its differential feature and converted into a simple precision thermostat omitting R3.
Source :www.extremecircuits.net
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