Showing posts with label using. Show all posts
Showing posts with label using. Show all posts
Tuesday, April 30, 2013
10W Stereo Audio Amplifier Using TDA2009A
This is a schematic of a 10W stereo audio amplifier using TDA2009A amplifier IC. TDA2009A is a good IC provides quality sound. It has built in features like output current protection and thermal protection etc. The circuit can be operate between 8 to 24V DC with 1 to 2 amphere.
10W Stereo Audio Amplifier Circuit Diagram :
10W Stereo Audio Amplifier Circuit Diagram :
If you want to operate this 10 watt amplifier circuit with watt amplifier circuit with mains supply then use a filtered and stable power supply to reduce mains hum. 10 watt out put power can be obtained by providing 20V 1.5A to the circuit. Use good and thick heatsink with the IC.
Wednesday, April 10, 2013
High Current Regulated Supply Circuit Using LM317
The high current regulator circuit is built uses an additional winding or a separate transformer to supply power for the LM317 regulator so that the pass transistors can operate closer to saturation and improve efficiency. For good efficiency the voltage at the collectors of the two parallel 2N3055 pass transistors should be close to the output voltage. The operation of this circuit is explained like this.
The LM317 requires a couple extra volts on the input side, plus the emitter/base drop of the 3055s, plus whatever is lost across the (0.1 ohm) equalizing resistors (1volt at 10 amps), so a separate transformer and rectifier/filter circuit is used that is a few volts higher than the output voltage. The LM317 will provide over 1 amp of current to drive the bases of the pass transistors and assumption a gain of 10 the combination should deliver 15 amps or more.
The LM317 always operates with a voltage difference of 1.2 between the output terminal and adjustment terminal and requires a minimum load of 10mA, so a 75 ohm resistor was chosen which will draw (1.2/75 = 16mA). This same current flows through the emitter resistor of the 2N3904 which produces about a 1 volt drop across the 62 ohm resistor and 1.7 volts at the base. The output voltage is set with the voltage divider (1K/560) so that 1.7 volts is applied to the 3904 base when the output is 5 volts. For 13 volt operation, the 1K resistor could be adjusted to around 3.6K. The regulator has no output short circuit protection so the output probably should be fused.
The LM317 requires a couple extra volts on the input side, plus the emitter/base drop of the 3055s, plus whatever is lost across the (0.1 ohm) equalizing resistors (1volt at 10 amps), so a separate transformer and rectifier/filter circuit is used that is a few volts higher than the output voltage. The LM317 will provide over 1 amp of current to drive the bases of the pass transistors and assumption a gain of 10 the combination should deliver 15 amps or more.
The LM317 always operates with a voltage difference of 1.2 between the output terminal and adjustment terminal and requires a minimum load of 10mA, so a 75 ohm resistor was chosen which will draw (1.2/75 = 16mA). This same current flows through the emitter resistor of the 2N3904 which produces about a 1 volt drop across the 62 ohm resistor and 1.7 volts at the base. The output voltage is set with the voltage divider (1K/560) so that 1.7 volts is applied to the 3904 base when the output is 5 volts. For 13 volt operation, the 1K resistor could be adjusted to around 3.6K. The regulator has no output short circuit protection so the output probably should be fused.
Thursday, March 21, 2013
Solar charger circuit project using transistors
A very simple solar charger circuit project can be designed using few external electronic parts . This simple solar charger circuit is capable of handling charge currents of up to 1A. Alternate component values are given in the figure for lower current applications.
Circuit diagram:
Solar charger circuit project using transistors circuit diagram
The only adjustment is the voltage trip point when the current is shunted through the transistor and load resistor. This should be set with a fully charged battery. As the transistor and R3 have the entire panel’s output across them when the battery is fully charged, all of the current from the panel will be going through R3 and the Darlington transistor TIP112, so these must be well heat sunk. Adjust R1 for the trip point, usually 14.4 V – 15 V for a 12 V SLA or a 12 V Ni-Cd battery.
source :www.electroniq.net
Friday, March 15, 2013
Making a 200 watt Compact PWM Inverter Circuit Using Tiny Ferrite Transformer
This circuit was requested by a few of the dedicated followers of this blog, namely Mr. Rashid, Mr, Sandeep and also by a few more readers. Initially I could not figure out the concept behind these compact inverters which completely eliminated the bulky iron core transformers. However after some thinking it seems I have succeeded in discovering the very simple principle associated with the functioning of such inverters.
Lately the Chinese compact type inverters have become pretty famous just because of their compact and sleek sizes which make them outstandingly light weight and yet hugely efficient with their power output specs.
Initially I thought the concept to be unfeasible, because according to me the use of tiny ferrite transformers for low frequency inverter application appeared highly impossible.
Inverters for domestic use requires 50/60 Hz and for implementing ferrite transformer we would require very high frequencies, so the idea looked highly complicated.
However after some thinking I was amazed and happy to discover a simple idea for implementing the design. Its all about converting the battery voltage to 220 or 120 mains voltage at very high frequency, and switching the output to 50/60 HZ using an push-pull mosfet stage.
Looking at the figure we can simply witness and figure out the whole idea. Here the battery voltage is first converted to high frequency PWM pulses. These pulses are dumped into a step up ferrite transformer having the required appropriate rating. The pulses are applied using a mosfet so that the battery current can be utilized optimally.
The ferrite transformer steps up the voltage to 220V at it output. However since this voltage has a frequency of around 60 to 100kHz, cannot be directly used for operating the domestic appliances and therefore needs further processing.
In the next step this voltage is rectified, filtered and converted to 220V DC. This high voltage DC is finally switched to 50 Hz frequency so that it may be used for operating the household appliances.
Kindly note that though the circuit has been exclusively designed by me, it hasnt been tested practically, make it at your own risk and on;y if you have sufficient confidence over the given explanations.
Parts List for 12V DC to 220V AC compact ferrite core inverter circuit.
R3---R6 = 470 Ohms
R9, R10 = 10K,
R1,R2,C1,C2 = calculate to generate 100kHz freq.
R7,R8 = 27K
C3, C4 = 0.47uF
T1----T4 = BC547,
T5 = any 30V 20Amp N-channel mosfet,
T6, T7 = any, 400V, 3 amp mosfet.
Diodes = fast recovery, high speed type.
TR1 = primary, 13V, 10amp, secondary = 250-0-250, 3amp. E-core ferrite transformer....ask an expert winder and transformer designer for help.
Lately the Chinese compact type inverters have become pretty famous just because of their compact and sleek sizes which make them outstandingly light weight and yet hugely efficient with their power output specs.
Initially I thought the concept to be unfeasible, because according to me the use of tiny ferrite transformers for low frequency inverter application appeared highly impossible.
Inverters for domestic use requires 50/60 Hz and for implementing ferrite transformer we would require very high frequencies, so the idea looked highly complicated.
However after some thinking I was amazed and happy to discover a simple idea for implementing the design. Its all about converting the battery voltage to 220 or 120 mains voltage at very high frequency, and switching the output to 50/60 HZ using an push-pull mosfet stage.
Looking at the figure we can simply witness and figure out the whole idea. Here the battery voltage is first converted to high frequency PWM pulses. These pulses are dumped into a step up ferrite transformer having the required appropriate rating. The pulses are applied using a mosfet so that the battery current can be utilized optimally.
The ferrite transformer steps up the voltage to 220V at it output. However since this voltage has a frequency of around 60 to 100kHz, cannot be directly used for operating the domestic appliances and therefore needs further processing.
In the next step this voltage is rectified, filtered and converted to 220V DC. This high voltage DC is finally switched to 50 Hz frequency so that it may be used for operating the household appliances.
Kindly note that though the circuit has been exclusively designed by me, it hasnt been tested practically, make it at your own risk and on;y if you have sufficient confidence over the given explanations.
R3---R6 = 470 Ohms
R9, R10 = 10K,
R1,R2,C1,C2 = calculate to generate 100kHz freq.
R7,R8 = 27K
C3, C4 = 0.47uF
T1----T4 = BC547,
T5 = any 30V 20Amp N-channel mosfet,
T6, T7 = any, 400V, 3 amp mosfet.
Diodes = fast recovery, high speed type.
TR1 = primary, 13V, 10amp, secondary = 250-0-250, 3amp. E-core ferrite transformer....ask an expert winder and transformer designer for help.
Friday, March 8, 2013
Make this Thermo Touch Operated Switch Circuit Using IC 741
The circuit explained here employs a rather different approach for implementing a touch operated switch action. Here instead of the resistance, the warmth of the finger is used for sensing and operating the circuits output.
Irrespective of the ambient conditions, our hands and fingers mostly exhibits some extra warmth or increase in the level of the temperature compared to the atmospheric levels.
This feature of our body has been exploited here for making this thermally activated touch switch circuit.
The proposed thermo-touch operated switch circuit has its own distinct advantages in contrast to the normal "touch resistance" based switches.
This design is not prone to humid areas, or wet conditions where normally a resistance based switch would falter and generate erratic results.
The circuit utilizes the ubiquitous 1N4148 diodes whose forward voltage drop alters by about 2 mV in response to a rise of 1 degree Celsius temperature over it.
Looking at the circuit diagram, when the diodes D3 and D4 are touched with the finger, the voltage at point A drops rapidly in comparison to point B, sufficient to make the output of the IC 741 change state.
The IC 741 has been configured as a comparator, and it compares the forward voltage drop of the diodes with respect to the reference voltage clamped at point B.
The output generates a TTL or a CMOS compatible logic pulse at point C, which can be easily used for triggering a flip flop circuit and an intended load.
P1 and P2 are the presets which may used for setting and optimizing the circuits response or the sensitivity.
Parts List
R1, R4 = 10K
R2, R3 = 56K
R5 = 1K
R6 = 1M,
P1 = 10K preset,
P2 = 1K preset
C1 = 104/ disc
T1 = BC547
IC1 = 741
D1----D4 = 1N4148
Irrespective of the ambient conditions, our hands and fingers mostly exhibits some extra warmth or increase in the level of the temperature compared to the atmospheric levels.
This feature of our body has been exploited here for making this thermally activated touch switch circuit.
The proposed thermo-touch operated switch circuit has its own distinct advantages in contrast to the normal "touch resistance" based switches.
This design is not prone to humid areas, or wet conditions where normally a resistance based switch would falter and generate erratic results.
The circuit utilizes the ubiquitous 1N4148 diodes whose forward voltage drop alters by about 2 mV in response to a rise of 1 degree Celsius temperature over it.
Looking at the circuit diagram, when the diodes D3 and D4 are touched with the finger, the voltage at point A drops rapidly in comparison to point B, sufficient to make the output of the IC 741 change state.
The IC 741 has been configured as a comparator, and it compares the forward voltage drop of the diodes with respect to the reference voltage clamped at point B.
The output generates a TTL or a CMOS compatible logic pulse at point C, which can be easily used for triggering a flip flop circuit and an intended load.
P1 and P2 are the presets which may used for setting and optimizing the circuits response or the sensitivity.
Parts List
R1, R4 = 10K
R2, R3 = 56K
R5 = 1K
R6 = 1M,
P1 = 10K preset,
P2 = 1K preset
C1 = 104/ disc
T1 = BC547
IC1 = 741
D1----D4 = 1N4148
Wednesday, March 6, 2013
How to Make Any Light a Strobe Light Using Just Two Transistors
If you feel strobe lights very interesting but are disappointed by the fact that these wonderful light effects can be produced only through complex xenon tube then probably you are quite mistaken. It is very much possible to make any light a strobe light if you are equipped with a proper driving circuit capable of handling different lighting devices to generate the desired strobe light effect. The present article shows how a circuit as basic as a multivibrator may be modified in different ways and made compatible with ordinary bulbs, lasers, LEDs to produce spectacular light pulses.
A strobe light may be used for warning, scientific analysis or as an entertainment device, whatever may be the application the effects are simply dazzling. In fact it is possible to make any light a strobe light through a proper driving circuit. Explained with Circuit Schematics.
Introduction
A light when made to blink or flash indeed looks pretty eye-catching and that’s the reason why they are used in number of places as a warning device or for decorations. However a strobe light in particular may also be considered a flashing light yet is uniquely different from ordinary light flashers. Unlike them in a strobe light the ON/OFF pattern is so optimized that it produces sharp dazzling pulsed flashes of light. There’s no doubt why they are mostly used in conjunction with fast music to enhance a party mood. Nowadays green lasers are being popularly used as a strobing device in party halls and gatherings and have become hot favorite among the new generation. Whether it’s LEDs, lasers or an ordinary filament bulb, all can be made to flash or rather strobe using an electronic circuit capable of producing the required pulsed switching in the connected lighting element. Here we will see how we can make any light a strobe light using a simple electronic circuit.
The following section will acquaint you with the circuit details. Let’s go through it.
Pulsating any Light to Produce Strobing Effect
Through one of my previous articles we came across a nice little circuit able to produce interesting strobe effects over a few of the connected LEDs. But this circuit is only suitable for driving low power LEDs and thus cannot be applied to illuminate big areas and premises. The proposed circuit allows you to drive not only LEDs but also powerful lighting agents like incandescent bulbs, lasers, CFLs etc.
The first diagram shows the most basic form of a multivibrator circuit using transistors as the main active components. The connected LEDs can be made to strobe by suitably adjusting the two potentiometers VR1 and VR2.
The above circuit forms the base for all the following circuits through some suitable modifications and additions.
For example if you want to illuminate and pulsate a small torch bulb using it, you would just need to do the simple modifications as shown in the second diagram. Here by adding a PNP power transistor and triggering it through the collector of T2, a torch bulb is easily made to strobe. Off course, optimum effect is achieved only through proper adjustment of the two Pots.
As already discussed already in the previous section, green laser pointers are pretty popular nowadays; the diagram illustrated shows a simple method of converting the above circuit into a pulsating green laser pointer strobe light. Here, T3 and T4 form a typical current controlled transistor configuration – a must when vulnerable lasers are involved. The selection of R6 can be critical and will decide the current limiting threshold for a safe operating of the laser. A wrong calculation may instantly roast your costly laser bulb. The following formula may be used for calculating R6:
U = 0.6/Ilaser,
Where U = Operating voltage of the laser and the circuit.
I (laser) = Maximum safe operating current of the laser device.
The next diagram shows how an AC mains lamp may be used as a strobing light source using the above circuit. Here a triac forms the main switching component receiving the required gate pulses from T2’s collector.
Thus we see that through the above circuit designs it becomes very easy to make any light a strobe light simply by doing the relevant modifications.
Parts List
R1, R4, R5 = 680 Ohms,
R2, R3 = 10K
VR1, VR2 = 100K pot
T1, T2 = BC547,
T3, T4 = BC557
C1, C2 = 10uF/25V
Triac = BT136
LEDs = as per choice
Parts List
R1, R4, R5 = 680 Ohms,
R2, R3 = 10K
VR1, VR2 = 100K pot
T1, T2 = BC547,
T3, T4 = BC557
C1, C2 = 10uF/25V
Triac = BT136
LEDs = as per choice
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